simple directx program does not compile - newbie question

[ant-1]

First of all, hi everyone, as this is my first post. :)

I'm having a problem getting some DirectX code to compile. I'm using latest version of NetBeans, and MinGW. The error is "undefined reference to `Direct3DCreate9@4'", so I assume it's a problem with not linking to the right libraries. However, I have used "#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")", so I'm not sure why that's not working.

I'm sure you get loads of questions like this all the time, I've seen a lot of threads like this on Google (none of them contained an answer which helped me much though). Sorry for being dumb, thanks in advance for any help. :)

Anyway, here's the code:


// include the basic windows header files and the Direct3D header file
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <d3d9.h>

// include the Direct3D Library file
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")

// global declarations
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d; // pointer to the Direct3D interface
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev; // pointer to the device class

// function prototypes
void initD3D(HWND hWnd); // sets up and initializes Direct3D
void render_frame(void); // renders a single frame
void cleanD3D(void); // closes Direct3D and releases memory

// the WindowProc function prototype
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);


// the entry point for any Windows program
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
WNDCLASSEX wc;

ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));

wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW;
wc.lpszClassName = TEXT("WindowClass");

RegisterClassEx(&wc);

hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
TEXT("WindowClass"),
TEXT("Our First Direct3D Program"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
300, 300,
800, 600,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);

ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

// set up and initialize Direct3D
initD3D(hWnd);

// enter the main loop:

MSG msg;

while(TRUE)
{
while(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}

if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;

render_frame();
}

// clean up DirectX and COM
cleanD3D();

return msg.wParam;
}


// main message handler for the program
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
} break;
}

return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}


// initialize and prepare Direct3D for use
void initD3D(HWND hWnd)
{
d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION); // create the Direct3D interface

D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; // create a struct to hold various device information

ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp)); // clear out the struct for use
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE; // program windowed, not fullscreen
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; // discard old frames
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd; // set the window to be used by Direct3D


// create a device class using this information and the info from the d3dpp struct
d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp,
&d3ddev);
}


// function used to render a single frame
void render_frame(void)
{
// clear the window to a deep blue
d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 40, 100), 1.0f, 0);

d3ddev->BeginScene(); // begins the 3D scene

// do 3D rendering on the back buffer here

d3ddev->EndScene(); // ends the 3D scene

d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); // displays the created frame on the screen
}


// function that cleans up Direct3D and COM
void cleanD3D(void)
{
d3ddev->Release(); // close and release the 3D device
d3d->Release(); // close and release Direct3D
}

[ant-1]

Right, after looking at google a bit more I think maybe I have to convert the .lib file to MinGW format before I can use it, using reimp - am I right? I'll try that just as soon as the MinGW downloads page at https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=2435 stops being broken, unless anyone else has a different suggestion. Thanks guys! :)

[Joeman]

i think it is called libd3d9 in mingw and also...
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")
this is msvc compiler dependent, so you can't use it when compilling under gcc. it probably gave you a warning that the #pragma statement is being ignoring.

To add dependencies under code::blocks:

From the menu go to Project -> Build Options and go to the tab "Linker Settings". Now select your current profile and click the "Add" button. Now type in libd3d9

[ant-1]

Thanks Joeman!

I've made this work by converting d3d9.lib to libd3d9.a with reimp, and then adding that in the linker settings. First there were some makefile problems, but I got these fixed too. It's tough going from Visual C++ to GCC, haha!

Thank you so much for your help, sorry for asking such a simple question.