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It helps when you use the correct words, after and during are two totally different things and imply something much different.

To the best of my knowledge Windows locks program files while they...

I assume that when you keep saying after run you actually mean during run. Clearly no program can do anything if it is not running.

If you really mean after it has ran then of course you can do...

Well perhaps the phrasing is wrong in the question but as worded the simple answer is NO. A program can not do anything after it is run. It can only do something while it is running.