Minimal Windows Instance

[cypher5783]

I'm using a book to learn the windows API using C++. This is an example from the book. But it will not compile. I've checked over the code at least 10 times now and can't seem to find any errors. Any assistance will be appreciated. Thanks in advance

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Minimal Windows Application
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "windows.h"

LRESULT WINAPI WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE HPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	//struct WNDCLASSEX
	//{
	//	UINT cbSize;			//Size of this object in bytes
	//	UINT style;				//Window Style
	//	WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;	//Pointer to message processing function
	//	int cbClsExtra;			//Extra byte after the window class
	//	int cbWndExtra;			//Extra bytes after the window instance
	//	HINSTANCE hInstance;	//The application instance handle
	//	HICON hIcon;			//The application icon
	//	HCURSOR hCursor;		//The window cursor
	//	HBRUSH hbrBackground;	//The brush defining the background color
	//	LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;	//A pointer to the name of the menu resource
	//	LPCTSTR lpszClassName;	//A Pointer to the class name
	//	HICON hIconSm;			//A small icon associated with the window
	//};


	WNDCLASSEX WindowClass;		//create a window class object

	static LPCTSTR szAppName = L"OFWin";		//Define Windows Class Name
	HWND hWnd;									//Window handle
	MSG msg;									//Window Message Structure

	WindowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);	//Set structure size
	
	//Redraw the window if size changes
	WindowClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

	//Define the message handling function
	WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;

	WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;		//No extra bytes after the window class
	WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;		//structure of the window instance

	WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance;		//Application instance handle

	//Set the default application icon
	WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);

	//Set the window cursor to be the standard arrow
	WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);

	//Set the gray brush for the background color
	WindowClass.hbrBackground = static_cast<HBRUSH>(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));

	WindowClass.lpszMenuName = 0;			//No menu
	WindowClass.lpszClassName = szAppName;	//Set class name
	WindowClass.hIconSm = -0;				//Default small icon

	//Now Register our window class
	RegisterClassEx(&WindowClass);

	//Now we can create the window
	hWnd = CreateWindow(
		szAppName,							//The window class name
		L"A Basic Window the Hard Way",		//The window title
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,				//Window Style as overlapped
		CW_USEDEFAULT,						//Default screen position of upper left
		CW_USEDEFAULT,						//corner of our window as x,y...
		CW_USEDEFAULT,						//Default Window Size
		CW_USEDEFAULT,						//....
		0,									//No parent window
		0,									//No menu
		hInstance,							//Program instance handle
		0									//No window creation data
		);

	ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);		//Display the window
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);				//Cause the window clien area to be drawn

	//The MessageLoop
	while(GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0) == TRUE)	//Get any messages
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);					//Translate the message
		DispatchMessage(&msg);					//Dispatch the message
	}

	return static_cast<int>(msg.wParam);		//End, So return to windows
}

LRESULT WINAPI WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	HDC hDC;
	PAINTSTRUCT PaintSt;
	RECT aRect;

	switch(message)
	{
		case WM_PAINT:						  // Message is to redraw the window
			hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &PaintSt); //Prepare to draw the window
			
			//Get upper left and lower right of the client area
			GetClientRect(hWnd, &aRect);

			SetBkMode(hDC, TRANSPARENT);	//Set text background mode

			//Now draw the text in the window client area
			DrawText(
				hDC,					//Device context handle
				L"But, soft! What light through yonder window breaks?",
				-1,						//Indicate null terminated string
				&aRect,					//Rectangle in which text is to be drawn
				DT_SINGLELINE|			//Text format - single line
				DT_CENTER|				//            - centered in the line
				DT_VCENTER);			//            - line centered in the aRect
			
			EndPaint(hWnd, &PaintSt);	//Terminate window redraw operation
			return 0;

		case WM_DESTROY:				//Window is being destroyed
			PostQuitMessage(0);
			return 0;

		default:						//Any other message - we dont
										//want to know so call
										//default message processing
			return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message,wParam, lParam);
	}
}

1>------ Build started: Project: Windows_FirstApp, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>Compiling...
1>main.cpp
1>c:\users\noah\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\windows_firstapp\windows_firstapp\main.cpp(29) : error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'const wchar_t [6]' to 'LPCTSTR'
1> Types pointed to are unrelated; conversion requires reinterpret_cast, C-style cast or function-style cast
1>c:\users\noah\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\windows_firstapp\windows_firstapp\main.cpp(75) : error C2664: 'CreateWindowExA' : cannot convert parameter 3 from 'const wchar_t [28]' to 'LPCSTR'
1> Types pointed to are unrelated; conversion requires reinterpret_cast, C-style cast or function-style cast
1>c:\users\noah\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\windows_firstapp\windows_firstapp\main.cpp(114) : error C2664: 'DrawTextA' : cannot convert parameter 2 from 'const wchar_t [52]' to 'LPCSTR'
1> Types pointed to are unrelated; conversion requires reinterpret_cast, C-style cast or function-style cast
1>Build log was saved at "file://c:\Users\Noah\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\Windows_FirstApp\Windows_FirstApp\Debug\BuildLog.htm"
1>Windows_FirstApp - 3 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

[hoxsiew]

Enable UNICODE in your settings.

[S_M_A]

Or replace all L"some text" with _T("some text") to enable both multibyte and unicode builds.

[cypher5783]

Ok been trying to implement the changes you guys suggested.

First. I recently purchased VC2008 Pro. So i'm still getting used to the way it's setup. Do you know how to enable unicode on it?

Second _T and _t are unrecognized when replacing L in the code. Is there an include i need for this?

I know i'm still really new to this and probably need alot of help. But thanks in advance for any help offered.

[hoxsiew]

Personally, I'd just stick with the L"" convention and always use UNICODE. It should be the default in VS2008, but I don't know how you created your project.

Go to menu "Project" -> "Properties" then drill down to "Configuration Properties" -> "General" then change "Character Set" in the right panel to "Use Unicode Character Set".

[cypher5783]

Thanks. That got it for me. Maybe now i can move forward you guys have been alot of help

[S_M_A]

Selecting between multibyte and unicode build is done in project properties/General/Character Set.

Ah, sorry _T is declared in tchar.h