static const class instances

[D_Drmmr]

The problem: The DisplayProvider would have to do some pre-processing, before handing over control to the base class, which then does the main work.

What you are saying here doesn't make much sense (to me). A struct or class defines a type. A type cannot actually do something, only functions can do something.
I think you need to explain better at which point in your program you need to do preprocessing, what needs to be preprocessed, and where the preprocessed data then needs to be used.

I would end up with something like this:

class DispalyProvider
{
baseclass* owner;
 int settings[10];
void PreProcessing(...);//ends up calling the owner.Processing(...) function
}; 

This doesn't make much sense either. If you have const instances of DisplayProvider then you cannot call the member function on them, since it is not a const member function. If you would make the member function const, it would seem to be a no-op, since it cannot modify the member variable.