C++ Sound Analysis?

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Hi,

I've programmed in other languages but am a newbie to C/C++. I was wondering how to create a sound analyzer, for example I want to be able to put down a list of data containing every note/sound hit at every second; copy, cut-out part of a song; be able to recognize repeating patterns in a song; replace and manipulate segments from part of a song, etc. Any libraries out there that anyone can recommend? What about theoretics? Should I have a great understanding of Fourier Series, harmonics, ?(anything else), before being able to program this sort of thing?

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Sorry I created 3 duplicate threads, and I do not know how to delete the other two.