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Is there a project for beginners that could take a little bit of time that would teach them alot about coding? Maybe give some ideas so i know what i can do and plan it out. Right now i have learned:
cin
cout
if
case
switch
system
variables
strings/chars
fstream
while loops
messageboxes
error fixes
putting it together
some other things i cant remember.
If you have anything i can learn to do that would be greatly appreciated.
Look for programming contest question.
eh im not good enough for contests besides, the contests require alot more knowledge than i have. :( that is why i need someone to give me an idea for something to make with the little that i know.
Do you know how to use std::vector and std::string? How open a notepad, create a text file with some numbers in it and then save it.
Now write a program to read in these numbers and reverse the order of them. Output the result to screen. You may want to use:Code:13
24
5
4
674
23
456
www.cppreference.com/wiki
for reference material.
I hate cppreference. They tell you about the function, but not where to find it. I can't tell you how many times I needed a function, googled it, found how to use it on cppreference, then spent another half an hour searching online to figure out what header file to include. I recommend buying a good C++ book instead.
There are alternatives
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/
Or if you want to get more technical
http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/
:confused:Quote:
Originally Posted by ninja9578
They tell you exactly where to find it. For example, here is the list of standard C++ algorithms.
http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/stl/algorithm/start
If you click on, say accumulate, you will end up on this page
http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/stl...thm/accumulate
In the syntax box you will see
which not only shows you the interface, but also that accumulate is in the numeric include.Code:#include <numeric>
TYPE accumulate( iterator start, iterator end, TYPE val );
TYPE accumulate( iterator start, iterator end, TYPE val, BinaryFunction f );
For containers, e.g. list:
http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/stl/list/start
click on the Constructors link:
http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/stl...t_constructors
and it then look in the syntax box, and you will see that it shows you where to find list:
I must admit, I have never had the problem that you are describing.Code:#include <list>
list();
list( const list& c );
list( size_type num, const TYPE& val = TYPE() );
list( input_iterator start, input_iterator end );
~list();
Don't know std::vector but i do know std::string. i can make a file save it and open it i just would have to think about how to make it do it in reverse order. It would probably be something like
Code:#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int num1;
int num2;
int num3;
int num4;
int num5;
ofstream file("file.txt");
int main()
{
cout << "Please intput 5 numbers with either a space or a new line between each" << endl;
cin >> num1;
cin >> num2;
cin >> num3;
cin >> num4;
cin >> num5;
file << num1;
file << num2;
file << num3;
file << num4;
file << num5;
system("pause");
system("cls");
cout << "Your numbers backwords were:" << endl;
ifstream file("file.txt");
cout << num5 << endl;
cout << num4 << endl;
cout << num3 << endl;
cout << num2 << endl;
cout << num1 << endl;
file.close();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
The std::vector is a wonderful container, you can for example, declare it with a particular size:
where T represents the type you want to vector to hold, and size is the size you want the vector to be, e.g. the following:Code://#include <vector>
std::vector<T> vec(size);
declares a vector called intvec that holds 100 elements of type int. You can now access those 100 elements just like a standard array if you like:Code:std::vector<int> intvec(100);
The above loop doesn't test how big the vector is, so if I made the vector 1 element bigger by pushing a value onto the back (end) of the arrayCode:for(int i(0); i<100; i++)
{
intvec[i] = i;
}
and then ran the loop, the loop would still only assign 100 elements. You can create a loop that assigns the number of elements in the vector by checking its size:Code:intvec.push_back(0); //The vector now holds 101 elements
If you compile the above loop you will most likely get a compiler warning for the part highlighted in red, and the warning will be telling you that there is a type mismatch in that vector<T>::size() returns a size_t type (not necessarily true, but has been on all implementations that I have tried), and you are comparing this against an int (the variable i), therefore there is a possible loss of data if the loop is looping over a very large number of elements. Since that isn't going to be a problem for reading a handful of elements from a file, you can tell the compiler that you know about the problem and are ok with it, by adding in a static cast.Code:for(int i(0); i<intvec.size(); i++)
{
intvec[i] = i;
}
Anyway, back to the std::vector. You can create one without any elements and then use push_back to insert elements at the end of the vector.Code:for(int i(0); i<static_cast<std::vector<int>::size_type>(intvec.size()); i++)
{
intvec[i] = i;
}
You should never attempt to access a vector location that is greated than size()-1, as the element will not exist and it attempting to make the access will yeild undefined behaviour.
The nice thing about std::vector is that you do not need to worry about memory allocation - it handles that for you. Now, to read the integers from a file (in the format described in the first of my posts in this thread) using vector you could do:
Now all you need to do is figure out how to re-order the elements.Code:#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm> //for std::copy
#include <iterator> //for std::ostream_iterator
int main()
{
//open a file called "file.txt" that contains integers
std::ifstream infile("file.txt");
std::vector<int> vec;
int tmp(0);
//Read the contents into the vector
while(infile>>tmp)
{
vec.push_back(tmp);
}
//Print the contents of the vector
std::copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, "\n"));
}
What is guaranteed is that std::vector<int>::size_type is an unsigned integer type but int is a signed integer type.Quote:
Originally Posted by PredicateNormative
Yes, except that the code example demonstrates casting from std::vector<int>::size_type back to std::vector<int>::size_type. Your intention would be to cast to int:Quote:
Originally Posted by PredicateNormative
Code:for (int i(0); i < static_cast<int>(intvec.size()); ++i)
{
intvec[i] = i;
}
That's good to know. :)Quote:
Originally Posted by laserlight
Whoops:DQuote:
Originally Posted by laserlight
maybe a different example of a project i can do because i just got confused ><
Text based hangman,
Text based poker,
In the mid to late 70's there was a common set of games like lunar lander, trek and slots.
Dice oriented games.
Of course, really simple (almost nonsense) tests of looping from 0 to something to see how fast the computer could count. In the 70's we were using BASIC, so 500 integer increments per second was about the fastest we'd see.
In assembler we might get 50 to 100 thousand per second.
I have already done that it is on the ragezone website. I am actually looking for something that has a purpose. Games are pretty useless when text based.Quote:
Originally Posted by JVene
Ok, how far into the ambitious side of things do you want to go?
3D animation? Space simulation? Something that requires some awareness of linear algebra (you don't really have to be a mathematician, but you have to be aware of it).
Some GUI application - graphics oriented board games, drawing programs....what's your interest?
Well i took you advice in another post (i think it was you) about qt. the only thing with it is that i don't know how to use qt since they change up the code by adding Q in front of everything. I kinda need help with that. What my plans are for the future are to make Private servers from C++ i know it requires little to no GUI knowledge so it is something i have been wanting to learn to do.
What i meant by things that have a purpose is they actually do something without getting to the point where you want to quit it after 5 minutes.
Kids these days....!Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
now what is that supposed to mean? :PQuote:
Originally Posted by Lindley
im just saying you won't play it for hours on end xP
besides i like big projects that take time. It makes me feel more acomplished than 500 lines of code :P
Alexz003, don't let that get you down ;)
Lindley may be from my era - the first computer I used could only display on paper - using a teletype machine.
It's like an old man saying, "When I was a kid, I had to walk 10 miles to school, in the snow...."
We're marveling at the relativity of the viewpoint - actually, we understand.
In order to be of some help in suggesting something, however, we have to pin down at least a few parameters of what you intend to do.
For example, if you're not yet familiar with Qt or MFC, then win32 is likely unfamiliar also, then perhaps you're ready for some GUI experimentation.
3D is going to require either a 3D framework (different that Qt or MFC), or OpenGL or DirectX.
I need to get some kind of feedback from you on what direction you're ready to take - how much you must study to make an application.
One of the first things I made when I studied C++ was a pacman clone. At the time I had been a developer for years, was already an experienced C programmer, and it was quick to do.
When I was 15 I made a 2D implementation of a "Star Wars X-Wing" arcade game on an 8 bit computer.
I've got to have some means of sensing what direction you're likely to take. Perhaps you want to make some kind of web service middleware, or a business application, I can't tell.
Mmk JVene i will tell you exactly where i want to go with programming. it involves about 6 years of my past too so it might be a little long.
When i 9 i started watching anime. I loved it alot and still do. At that age i told myself i wanted to create anime and learn japanese where i would carry out all of my work. In order to create anime i needed to know quite a bit on graphic designs and 3d models. then getting them to move around so i could do something with them. But being 9 years old i only wanted to watch it and i never got motivated to actually learn anything.
When i was 10 i started playing online RPG's and even though i wanted to make Anime i wanted to know what exactly what was behind the game and how it worked too. Once again i never got motivated but i did do very little research.
When i turned 11 i got my first computer. I loved it in every way and i promised myself i would start to work and learn about creating games. Since i was playing alot more games than watching anime i decided after reading a little bit that i would probably have a better lifestyle creating games than making anime. 11 is also when i started learning about Bill Gates who still today my idol for the success he has had through hard work. Even though he was more of a business man he still was a very brilliant guy. Still never got to work on making games or learning 3D structures.
12, i started to look up things about computer programming. I never learned anything because being 12 i didn't know alot of what people were trying to say when teaching it. It led to a lot of failure at coding.
Ages 13 and 14 were pretty much the same. I didn't watch much anime at the time but it was still slightly in my mind. I no longer had a strong intention of making Anime. But, these were the years i actually somewhat started learning coding. I was able to understand things a little bit better and i think when i was 13 was when i made the simple "Hello World" with C++. 14 i started learning very little and coding for me was off and on. I learned a little and forgot all of it in a matter of 2 months. After a while i started learning again and i got a little far but i didn't have enough motivation to actually make anything serious.
I am currently 15 and when i turned 15 is the day i started to seriously crack down on coding. I relearned everything i had known before in the past. After a little more studying i learned more about variables and includes and organization of how to code goes together. The past month and a half is when i learned the most. First i made a 300 line program that would give me access to any important file i had on my computer that i open on a regular basis. Then came making a game. I didn't know how but i saw a post someone made on how to make one. I suggested that they should first write out an outline on what they wanted to do. The put a little bit down of what was to be included. After a small game was made to add more items, monsters and even add experience. Since it was a text based game that this guy wanted to make it motivated me to try and make a game. After i got done telling him what to do i actually started making the game. After about 4-5 days i made a 500+ line program with 8 items 5 monsters up to 10 levels to level up off, working experience, money use, and a way to get defence to work in the game. Right before i made the game i learned about cases which helped alot with what i was doing. I wanted to make programs that people liked instead of something that only i thought was good. This was all about 2 weeks ago.
I guess what i am getting at is i want to create computer programs for others to use that would help in daily life. The second program i made was probably what got me motivated to make those because since both me and my friend use the applications that i had on there, we were both able to use it. I want to make things easier on people using programs. And the first thing i want to make is a private server for a game with one that has yet to be created. The reason for this is because i have alot of supporters that want me to learn what to do and i have one other person that would be willing to help me. So basically making this game makes me have to recreate their entire game without having to do the 3D graphics part. This would make alot of people happy so it is something i want to do. That is where i want to start my life is making this private server. After that i am not completely sure what i want to do. I want to create totally original programs that help people do important things daily.
Not quite---I was a child of the 80s. Still, I've played a fair number of text adventures, and they can be addictive when done well. Mostly it was a joke.Quote:
Originally Posted by JVene
A common misconception is that console programs are "simple" or outdated. In fact, the majority of major functionality on computers today could be written as console programs (witness the existence of Linux)----GUIs are simply a thin layer on top of the real code, in most cases.
That said, I do understand how there's a certain satisfaction of seeing visual feedback on your efforts. I'd suggest looking into one of the 3D packages (OpenGL or Direct3D), or a higher-level framework on top of those, if you want to go that route.
All i want to do is make the program do something. I don't care if there is a "thin layer on top of the real code" that makes it seeable. I like using command prompt as my program because it makes me feel like there is more control over what i can do with the computer when in actuality there isn't because the same language you write for win32 is pretty much the same as console programming in C++.
Well, one of the nice aspects of a text based app is the simplification it provides. The subject of software development and engineering is broad, deep and the sheer detail required to get just about anything working of any ambition is considerable, so there's enough to do as it is without taking on complications on top of complications.
There is another issue about C++ development that I'd like to bring up just as food for thought here. As any application becomes more than the short example style you've mentioned thus far, there comes a point where you must manage sizable data, sort data, process information, and that brushes up against some of the general theory of computer science. These are entirely comprehensible and workable, I don't predict they'll be a problem for you.
There's more than one way to solve these issues, and some solutions are C oriented - the historical roots of C++, and they're tediously complicated and prone to bugs.
You're protected to an extent that is quite a luxury compared to years ago. In the 80's, when I was creating my first business, a time existed where it was actually possible to incorporate a bug in C (C++ didn't yet exist commonly) where you could actually cause a CRT monitor to catch fire!
No joke!
Other kinds of bugs could accidentally destroy the content of the hard drive in the snap of a finger. All but irrecoverable.
It's quite fortunate that the protections incorporated into the modern operating systems prevent this problems, but related bugs do happen - we see them as "unexpected application errors" or other crashes.
You'll have an easier and better time of this than we did.
On the other hand, what I'm getting at is that depending on what design you choose for your next application target, there could be quite a learning experience - that's what you really want, I'm sure, and I'm cautioning only that you'll also have to learn patience with yourself, and persistence in research. It's a tough balance to strike between accepting challenge, and taking on more than is reasonable. I think, if I sense your position correctly, a 3D graphics application could be over that point, and a 2D GUI might be close - simply choosing to make a text based application isn't any guarantee that the target choice is simplified; it could still be either over or within that margin of reason depending on how things proceed.
So we're talking about the design of a text oriented application which will be interesting, of some reasonable ambition that will require you to cover a range of concepts not yet familiar to you, and that will keep your interest.
I mentioned "trek" earlier. It may not have rung a bell. Here's an example of a late 70's early 80's text game display...
This shows a text based game involving 3 starships and a starbase in this display. Each ship has shields, a direction (Vector), Weapon status, etc.Code:..1..2..3..4..5..6..7..8..9..10 K - Shlds: 85%
1 - Vect: 7 @ .1
2 K - Wpns: 50%
3 R
4 <B> R - Shlds: 20%
5 - Vect: 6 @ .25
6 - Wpns: 25%
7
8 E E - Shlds: 35%
9 - Vect: 3 @ .1
10 - Wpns: 55%
1) Fire, 2) Nav, 3) Shlds, 4) Comm
The <B> is a starbase.
Each time a command is issued, this display is printed showing the updated display. It runs like a board game in this style. It was common in lots of forms on the RadioShack TRS-80 8 bit computer of the late 70's, almost all machines that ran a form of BASIC interpeter, several versions were created and sold for about $5 each (on cassette tape, usually) - and, it was interesting to play.
I show that in case it fits the bill and you didn't recognize the nature of a late 70's/early 80's style "trek" game.
Care to suggest an entirely different direction instead?
I have no problem with learning new things. Even though it took me 4-5 days to make my game (found at http://forum.ragezone.com/f86/c-text-rpg-593185/) I didn't give up on it even when i found errors which made me have to redo the majority of the code. I love to learn anything computer oriented. Unlike the 70's and 80's today the main thing is 3D and 2D games. Making GUI applications make it easier for the person to use than using a console everytime because pressing a button is alot easier than typing a number and pressing enter. The only problem with anything today is making something random. The people who put together C++ made random numbers impossible to put within a range for it to be a one time use. That is the only thing i am waiting for replies on two different websites that no one can figure out :/
I want to leave the 3D stuff to other people because my interest is in making them do something when you press a button or something. Like for instance, when you are playing a game and you click on an NPC the NPC responds. I like making them communicate back to you in that way.
Quote:
Originally Posted by JVene
Good to learn from experienced people who program in low level before.
My point of view is i don't care about the GUI portion once you can get the implementation code working.
Learning GUI or 3D library take time and essentially, i not very interested in that. I not criticize any one, just to express my idea.
I'm a little short on time today, so I'm going to focus on a specific point just now and come back later on the rest.
There's a yes and no in the answer to that.Quote:
The only problem with anything today is making something random. The people who put together C++ made random numbers impossible to put within a range for it to be a one time use. That is the only thing i am waiting for replies on two different websites that no one can figure out :/
At one level, the paradigm of C and C++ is that of library component adaptation. A lot of students seem to expect a "one stop shopping/service" from every "computer language", something that BASIC/C#/Java are closer at providing.
C was originally implemented to replace an assembler, but without any dependence on the CPU architecture (some of the computer of that day were 12 bits, 18 bits, 24 bits...36 bits).
The constructs of the core of the language translate into a few, often just one, machine language instruction. This is what makes it fast and applicable to the creation of operating systems and performance oriented targets.
To gain service/access to anything - ANYTHING - outside the domain of the core of the machine (the CPU/RAM essentially), you must have "adapters" of some kind. That's the only way to provide C with the ability to work anywhere. The C library is the first standardized adaptation to the operating system.
Such is the case with random numbers. It is not the responsibility of the language to provide random numbers to suit a target purpose (it isn't something most CPU's do). Instead, it's from a library, and C has rand.
You've probably realized rand returns integers, and always in the range of a positive 15 bit integer (limits to 32767) - on most platforms.
There are additional libraries which adapt to range/float/double/complex goals for random numbers. A simple range for random can be created with something like....
int r = rand() % 100;
This produces a random value from 0 to 99. It's NOT particularly robust, but it works.
int r = (double)rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1) * (range_max - range_min) + range_min;
Given a maximum and minimum range (integers), this gives random values from rand in that range.
Using a minor bit of algebra, it's possible to extrapolate this idea into floats and doubles of much larger magnitudes.
You may want to google for Mersenne twister. That, and a number of other theories, are advancements beyond the simple rand service from C.
There are even services which provide random number sequences from the web, a few are taken from values recorded from the background cosmic radiation survey.
I am quite aware that every programming language has goods and bads somewhere. rand is just what it happened to be with C++ and is what i was looking for. I have tried using
in the past, but whenever i start the application it gives me the same random number each time when i put in range_min and range_max.Code:int r = (double)rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1) * (range_max - range_min) + range_min;
Did you remember to seed the pseudorandom number generator with a different seed on each run?Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
There's a classic.
One must call srand first.
It can be a feature for debugging that if the same seed is supplied to srand, the same sequence will be obtained from rand, and so 'random' sources can be repeated for debugging purposes (repeating behavior so one can predict the occurrence of a problem).
But the thing about it is i don't want it to repeat the same thing i want it to be random each time.
Then use a different seed each time, e.g., by seeding based on the current time, or from a random source like /dev/random.Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
what? xP i have no idea what you said.
Code:std::srand(std::time(0));
what would that do?Quote:
Originally Posted by Speedo
My advice is that you start writing programs. Just think of a program that does something interesting and then start writing it. This has the advantage that you're shifting focus from learning C++ features you don't don't know what they're for, to wanting to do something and is looking for a proper C++ feature to do that. It's a problem based approach. You're looking to solve problems rather than having solutions you don't know what they're for.Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
Good luck!
In addition to my post above:
Why don't you learn from Bjarne Stroustrup, the inventor of C++? He's very recently published a book called Programming, Principles and Practices Using C++. It contains lots of drills, reviews and exercises after each chapter.
Quote:
But the thing about it is i don't want it to repeat the same thing i want it to be random each time.
Code:
std::srand(std::time(0));
what would that do?
If you search for examples related to the documentation on srand and on time, you'll see that srand initializes the random number generation system, and that if you use a different number on each call to srand, the random numbers generated by rand will be different on every execution of the application.
One minor flaw is that time is usually measured in seconds. You call srand at the initialization of a program. That sets the random generator to a unique output.
The next time the application runs, srand will receive a different time, and different number to initialize the random generator - no to runs of the application will obtain the same series of numbers from rand..
The only exception could be if two executions of the same program happen within 1 second of each other. Note, that's not two calls to rand, that's any two calls to TIME - it counts in seconds. As long as srand is called a little over 1 second later than the previous call, the random generator will be seeded such that a unique sequence comes out of rand - never the same twice.
Alexz003, please try harder to follow. Google for the C or C++ library and read some of the documentation for the suggestions we're posting - the only way any of us ever learned this stuff (myself included) was to research and dig.
Please don't misunderstand, this IS the place to ask questions - I'm just saying that in this case, after being handed the answer, it seems you haven't been interested enough to research that yourself or try it on your machine.
Use the boost random library instead. It's been adopted for the next version of standard C++.Quote:
Originally Posted by JVene
I wouldn't have asked if i wasn't getting what i was looking for. I have looked it up and tried what people have said worked and i always get the same result.Quote:
Originally Posted by JVene
I think we are going off topic and i would like to redirect the question back to my first post if you don't mind.
I want to learn how to influece what the computer does not what my variables do.
I suppose I'm not exactly sure what this means, but I have some idea.Quote:
I want to learn how to influece what the computer does not what my variables do.
Much of develop is the creation of metaphors which represent real concepts, real objects and the like. Interaction seems to be what you're describing.
That could be the interaction of a server responding to connections, searching for and providing data upon request.
It could be the reaction of a character in a game.
I think we're still searching for something a little more concrete upon which to base the discussion.
I know im sorry i haven't been real specific on what i want. It isn't completely my fault because i haven't learned enough to actually know what i want to do. Thats why i am requesting people give me ideas on something that would teach me a little more than i already know. I have no idea what it may be as long as it isn't too complicated and i can understand what i am doing.
You're passive, which is very common, even up to the university level of education.Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
To know how to break that, see my previous replies.
i may be passive but that doesn't mean i wont know what to do in the future. If i have a project in mind then i will do what i can do get it done.
You're passive because you haven't already started. Insted you're asking questions here. ANY program will test your abilities in the areas you wanted tested.Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
STOP TALKING. GET STARTED. DO SOMETHING BY YOURSELF - NOW!
I have made 2 programs. 1 is a game and the other is something that lets me get to all important programs that i use on my computer with ease.
I think you might be a little stressed.
I am particularly fond of puzzle games. I recommend you either do a text based GUI game, like Connect Four (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four), or Fifteen puzzle (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_puzzle).
If you feel bolder, you can try to do automatic puzzle solvers, like sodoku solver, or nonogram(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonogram)
If you really feel bold, you can try to do a 15 puzzle solver, or a Connect four bot.
I can GUARANTEE you will learn a lot from this experience. Personally, I would try to do them in this order, from easy to hard:
Easy
- Connect Four Game
- 15 Puzzle Game
OK
- Sudoku Solver
Hard
- Nonogram Solver
Harder
- 15 Puzzle Solver
Hardest
- Connect 4 Bot
I have been writing a new sudoku solver every year for the past 6 years, and have been learning something every year form it.
Thank you very much, i will do what i can to try each one of these and post any questions i have on here and the ending results. I do have one question first,Quote:
Originally Posted by monarch_dodra
What areas of C++ would i need to learn in order to complete connect 4.
Depends on how you want to implement it. I'd say you don't need anything but logic, and basic knowledge of the syntax, and the cout, endl functions. It will have you work with loops and ifs. If you want to get a bit fancier (which I recommend), you should create a class that represents the board, with a basic interface, so you can write things like.Quote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
This would allow you to insert a red piece, in the 4'th row. In this case red is from an enum color.Code:connect4Board myBoard;
myBoard.insertPiece(4,red);
See the only problem is i wouldn't know how to put it together because even though i have played connect 4 i still don't know how i can set limitations on the board size and where the pieces of the computer go.
The computer pieces stay on the desk.:DQuote:
Originally Posted by Alexz003
I wouldn't worry about AI for a computer opponent yet. Just get the game working in two player mode (i.e. two human players) first.
With regards to the board. That stays the same size, so you could create yourself a 2D array object that holds board pieces.