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  1. #1
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    Question Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    I'm writing a code in C++ for a 2D Ising model. Here's what the code should do:

    Generate random NxN lattice, with each site either +1 or -1 value.
    Select a site at random
    If site when flipped (+1 to -1 or -1 to +1) is a state of lower energy, flip state ie. if dE < 0, flip state. If flipped state is of higher energy, flip with acceptance rate w = e^{-b(dE)}. Where dE is the change in energy if state is flipped. 4.Do this for all NxN sites, without repetition. This is considered one sweep.
    Do like 100 sweeps.
    I'm having trouble with steps 2 and 3, would appreciate any help!

    Code:
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <ctime>
    using namespace std;
    #include <iostream>
    int main() //random generation of spin configuration
    {
    int L;              //Total number of spins L = NxN
    double B=1;         //magnetic field
    double M;           //Total Magnetization = Sum Si
    double E;           //Total Energy
    int T = 1.0;
    int nsweeps = 100;      //number of sweeps
    int de;             //change in energy when flipped
    double Boltzmann;       //Boltzmann factor
    int x,y;            //randomly chosen lattice site
    int i,j,a,c;            //counters
      int ROWS = 5;
      int COLS = 5;
      int matrix[ROWS][COLS];
      srand ( static_cast<unsigned> ( time ( 0 ) ) );
      for ( int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++ ) 
      {
        for ( int j = 0; j < COLS; j++ )
        {
          matrix[i][j] = rand () % 2 *2-1;
        }
      }
    
     // showing the matrix on the screen
        for(int i=0;i<ROWS;i++)  // loop 3 times for three lines
        {
            for(int j=0;j<COLS;j++)  // loop for the three elements on the line
            {
                cout<<matrix[i][j];  // display the current element out of the array
            }
        cout<<endl;  // when the inner loop is done, go to a new line
        }
        return 0;  // return 0 to the OS.
    
    //boundary conditions and range
    if(x<0) x += N;      
    if(x>=L) x -= N;
    if(y<0) y += N;
    if(y>=L) y -= N;
    
    //counting total energy of configuration
    {  int neighbour = 0;    // nearest neighbour count
    
       for(int i=0; i<L; i++)
          for(int j=0; j<L; j++)
        {  if(spin(i,j)==spin(i+1, j))     // count from each spin to the right and above 
                  neighbour++;
               else 
                  neighbour--;
               if(spin(i, j)==spin(i, j+1))
                  neighbour++;
               else
                  neighbour--;
        }
    
        E = -J*neighbour - B*M;
    
    //flipping spin
    int x = int(drand48()*L);   //retrieves spin from randomly choosen site
    int y = int(drand48()*L);
    
    int delta_M = -2*(x, y);    //calculate change in Magnetization M
    int delta_neighbour = (x-1, y) + spin(x+1, y)+ spin(x, y-1) + spin(x, y+1);
    int delta_neighbour = -2*(x,y)* int delta_neighbour;
    
    double delta_E = -J*delta_neighbour -B*delta_M;
    
    
    //flip or not
    if (delta_E<=0)
        {  (x, y) *= -1;     // flip spin and update values
               M += delta_M;
               E += delta_E;
    
            }
    
    
    
    }

  2. #2
    2kaud's Avatar
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    I'm not sure I fully understand what you are trying to accomplish. However, looking at the code I can offer some observations which may be of help.

    With reference to your NxN lattice. As the number of columns will always equal the number of rows, you don't need to specifiy seperately the number of rows and columns. I would suggest something like
    Code:
    const int LatSize = 5;
    then L can be defined (after LatSize is defined) as
    Code:
    const int L = LatSize * LatSize;
    as according to your comment it is supposed to be NxN.

    You then don't need the variables ROWS and COLS and matrix would be defined as
    Code:
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    and wherever in the code you use ROWS or COLUMNS these would be replaced with LatSize.

    I take it that the return 0 after the code to show the matix is just for testing purposes?

    You then do some testing with x and y. But x and y haven't been initialised. You use 'N' but this hasn't been defined. Assuming that 'N' is supposed to be the size of the lattice, then these would be LatSize.

    If x and y are supposed to be the chosen lattice site, then they need to be set to a value in the range >=0 and < LatSize. As you have already seeded the random number generator and used it, you could use
    Code:
    x = rand() % LatSize;
    y = rand() % LatSize;
    However, looking at the following code, it seems to me that this has been taken from somewhere else as it doesn't match the definitions used at the start - ie it uses the function spin but spin isn't defined. If you want to use the code past your return statement, you will need to know what L, N, spin etc are supposed to be. I would suggest you go back to where you got this code from and see how its variables are defined and how they are supposed to be initialised.
    Last edited by 2kaud; April 9th, 2014 at 05:17 PM.
    All advice is offered in good faith only. All my code is tested (unless stated explicitly otherwise) with the latest version of Microsoft Visual Studio (using the supported features of the latest standard) and is offered as examples only - not as production quality. I cannot offer advice regarding any other c/c++ compiler/IDE or incompatibilities with VS. You are ultimately responsible for the effects of your programs and the integrity of the machines they run on. Anything I post, code snippets, advice, etc is licensed as Public Domain https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ and can be used without reference or acknowledgement. Also note that I only provide advice and guidance via the forums - and not via private messages!

    C++23 Compiler: Microsoft VS2022 (17.6.5)

  3. #3
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by 2kaud View Post
    I'm not sure I fully understand what you are trying to accomplish. However, looking at the code I can offer some observations which may be of help.
    Thanks alot for your reply. I realize now my code is too messy, so I shall work on individual parts first. Let's start with:

    1. Generate NxN lattice with -1 or +1 at each site randomly.
    2. How to extract the value at a site at location (x, y).


    //Generate NxN lattice with -1 or +1 at each site randomly.

    const int LatSize = 5;
    const int L = LatSize * LatSize;
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];

    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    srand ( static_cast<unsigned> ( time ( 0 ) ) );
    for ( int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++ )
    {
    for ( int j = 0; j < COLS; j++ )
    {
    matrix[i][j] = rand () % 2 *2-1;
    }
    }

    //End of Generating matrix

  4. #4
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Please use code tags when you post code as you did in post #1.

    As ROWS and COLS are now not defined, you could use
    Code:
    const int LatSize = 5;
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    
         srand(static_cast<unsigned> (time(0)));
         for ( int i = 0; i < LatSize; i++)
              for ( int j = 0; j < LatSize; j++)
                   matrix[i][j] = (rand () % 2) * 2 - 1;
    Then to select a site of the lattice at random you could use
    Code:
    const int x = rand() % LatSize;
    const int y = rand() % LatSize;
    All advice is offered in good faith only. All my code is tested (unless stated explicitly otherwise) with the latest version of Microsoft Visual Studio (using the supported features of the latest standard) and is offered as examples only - not as production quality. I cannot offer advice regarding any other c/c++ compiler/IDE or incompatibilities with VS. You are ultimately responsible for the effects of your programs and the integrity of the machines they run on. Anything I post, code snippets, advice, etc is licensed as Public Domain https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ and can be used without reference or acknowledgement. Also note that I only provide advice and guidance via the forums - and not via private messages!

    C++23 Compiler: Microsoft VS2022 (17.6.5)

  5. #5
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Now for part 2. How to extract the value of a site at location (x, y).

    //Extracting value of a site at location (x,y)

    int & spin (int x, int y);
    int x = int(srand48()*L);
    int y = int(srand48()*L);

    int delta_M = -2*spin(index1, index2); //change in magnetization energy

    int delta_neighbour = spin(spinx-1, y) + spin(x+1, y)+ spin(x, y-1) + spin(x, y+1);
    delta_neighbour = -2*spin(x,y)* delta_neighbour; //change in neighbour product energy

    //End of extracting value of site at (x, y)

    Are there any problems with this section of the code? For example Does "int H = spin(x, y);" give H the value of the site at location (x, y)?

  6. #6
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by 2kaud View Post
    Please use code tags when you post code as you did in post #1.

    As ROWS and COLS are now not defined, you could use
    Code:
    const int LatSize = 5;
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    
         srand(static_cast<unsigned> (time(0)));
         for ( int i = 0; i < LatSize; i++)
              for ( int j = 0; j < LatSize; j++)
                   matrix[i][j] = (rand () % 2) * 2 - 1;
    Then to select a site of the lattice at random you could use
    Code:
    const int x = rand() % LatSize;
    const int y = rand() % LatSize;
    oops. Here's the updated portion of code:
    Code:
    //Generate NxN lattice with -1 or +1 at each site randomly.
    
    const int LatSize = 5;
    const int L = LatSize * LatSize;
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    srand ( static_cast<unsigned> ( time ( 0 ) ) );
    for ( int i = 0; i < LatSize; i++ ) 
    {
    for ( int j = 0; j < LatSize; j++ )
    {
    matrix[i][j] = rand () % 2 *2-1;
    }
    }
    
    //End of Generating matrix

  7. #7
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    For part 2 (Updated!)

    [code]

    //Extracting value of a site at location (x,y)

    int & spin (int x, int y); //extracts value of site at location (x, y) when 'spin' is used in later parts of the code
    int x = int(srand48()*L);
    int y = int(srand48()*L);

    int delta_M = -2*spin(x, y); //change in magnetization energy

    int delta_neighbour = spin(spinx-1, y) + spin(x+1, y)+ spin(x, y-1) + spin(x, y+1);
    delta_neighbour = -2*spin(x,y)* delta_neighbour; //change in neighbour product energy

    //End of extracting value of site at (x, y)

    Are there any problems with this section of the code? For example Does "int H = spin(x, y);" give H the value of the site at location (x, y)?

  8. #8
    2kaud's Avatar
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    As I explained in my previous post #2. What is the function spin? This is being used but isn't defined.
    All advice is offered in good faith only. All my code is tested (unless stated explicitly otherwise) with the latest version of Microsoft Visual Studio (using the supported features of the latest standard) and is offered as examples only - not as production quality. I cannot offer advice regarding any other c/c++ compiler/IDE or incompatibilities with VS. You are ultimately responsible for the effects of your programs and the integrity of the machines they run on. Anything I post, code snippets, advice, etc is licensed as Public Domain https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ and can be used without reference or acknowledgement. Also note that I only provide advice and guidance via the forums - and not via private messages!

    C++23 Compiler: Microsoft VS2022 (17.6.5)

  9. #9
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by 2kaud View Post
    As I explained in my previous post #2. What is the function spin? This is being used but isn't defined.
    How do I make spin(x, y) return the value of the site at location (x, y)?

    For example if I type:
    Code:
    int H = 2*spin(x, y);
    it means that H is twice the value at site (x, y), either -2 or +2.

  10. #10
    2kaud's Avatar
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Possibly the easiest way is to replace spin(...) by matrix[...].

    Another way would be to use a define at the top of the code
    Code:
    #define spin(x,y) (matrix[(x)][(y)])
    Last edited by 2kaud; April 10th, 2014 at 10:38 AM.
    All advice is offered in good faith only. All my code is tested (unless stated explicitly otherwise) with the latest version of Microsoft Visual Studio (using the supported features of the latest standard) and is offered as examples only - not as production quality. I cannot offer advice regarding any other c/c++ compiler/IDE or incompatibilities with VS. You are ultimately responsible for the effects of your programs and the integrity of the machines they run on. Anything I post, code snippets, advice, etc is licensed as Public Domain https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ and can be used without reference or acknowledgement. Also note that I only provide advice and guidance via the forums - and not via private messages!

    C++23 Compiler: Microsoft VS2022 (17.6.5)

  11. #11
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by 2kaud View Post
    Possibly the easiest way is to replace spin(...) by matrix[...].

    Another way would be to use a define at the top of the code
    Code:
    #define spin(x,y) (matrix[(x), (y)])
    Should this go in the second part or first part of the code?
    Because in first section of the code to generate NxN lattice I already defined matrix to be [LatSize][LatSize]:

    Code:
    const int LatSize = 5;
    const int L = LatSize * LatSize;
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    srand ( static_cast<unsigned> ( time ( 0 ) ) );
    for ( int i = 0; i < LatSize; i++ ) 
    {
    for ( int j = 0; j < LatSize; j++ )
    {
    matrix[i][j] = rand () % 2 *2-1;
    }
    }

  12. #12
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Like this
    Code:
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <ctime>
    using namespace std;
    
    #define spin(a, b) (matrix[(a)][(b)])
    
    int main()
    {
    const int LatSize = 5;
    const int L = LatSize * LatSize;
    
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];
    
    	srand(static_cast<unsigned> (time(0)));
    
    	for ( int i = 0; i < LatSize; i++ ) 
    		for ( int j = 0; j < LatSize; j++ )
    			matrix[i][j] = (rand() % 2) * 2 - 1;
    
    const int x = rand() % LatSize;
    const int y = rand() % LatSize;
    
    int H = 2 * spin(x, y);
    
    	cout << "x: " << x << "  y: " << y << "  H: " << H << endl;
    	return 0;
    }
    All advice is offered in good faith only. All my code is tested (unless stated explicitly otherwise) with the latest version of Microsoft Visual Studio (using the supported features of the latest standard) and is offered as examples only - not as production quality. I cannot offer advice regarding any other c/c++ compiler/IDE or incompatibilities with VS. You are ultimately responsible for the effects of your programs and the integrity of the machines they run on. Anything I post, code snippets, advice, etc is licensed as Public Domain https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ and can be used without reference or acknowledgement. Also note that I only provide advice and guidance via the forums - and not via private messages!

    C++23 Compiler: Microsoft VS2022 (17.6.5)

  13. #13
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by 2kaud View Post
    Like this
    ]
    Ok, so here's the full code, part 1 and part 2:

    //Generate NxN lattice with -1 or +1 at each site randomly.

    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <ctime>
    using namespace std;

    #define spin(a, b) (matrix[(a)][(b)])

    int main()
    {

    const int LatSize = 5;
    const int L = LatSize * LatSize;
    int matrix[LatSize][LatSize];


    srand ( static_cast<unsigned> ( time ( 0 ) ) );
    for ( int i = 0; i < LatSize; i++ )
    {
    for ( int j = 0; j < LatSize; j++ )
    {
    matrix[i][j] = rand () % 2 *2-1;
    }
    }

    //End of Generating matrix

    //Extracting value of a site at location (x,y)


    int x = int (rand()*LatSize);
    int y = int (rand()*LatSize);

    int delta_M = -2*spin(x, y); //change in magnetization energy

    int delta_neighbour = spin(x-1, y) + spin(x+1, y)+ spin(x, y-1) + spin(x, y+1);
    delta_neighbour = -2*spin(x,y)* delta_neighbour; //change in neighbour product energy

    cout << delta_neighbour;

    //End of extracting value of site at (x, y)

    return 0;
    }

    Doesn't seem to work, as it doesn't show the value of delta_neighbour..

  14. #14
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by 2kaud View Post
    Another way would be to use a define at the top of the code
    Code:
    #define spin(x,y) (matrix[(x)][(y)])
    That's horrible. Why would you advice someone to use a macro for this? A simple text-replace can solve this without obfuscating the code.

    @OP Using two different names for the same variable will make your code harder to understand. When you read your code, every time you see 'spin' you need to think "right, that actually just means matrix". If you just use a single name, you'll save yourself a lot of unnecessary thinking, freeing up your brain capacity to understand the code you're writing/debugging/reading/whatever. If spin better describes the values in the matrix, then go ahead and rename your matrix variable to spin (it's a simple search-and-replace). But don't use different names for the same thing unless you want to make your code harder to understand.
    Cheers, D Drmmr

    Please put [code][/code] tags around your code to preserve indentation and make it more readable.

    As long as man ascribes to himself what is merely a posibility, he will not work for the attainment of it. - P. D. Ouspensky

  15. #15
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    Re: Ising Model C++ Metropolis Algorithm

    Quote Originally Posted by unscientific View Post
    Doesn't seem to work, as it doesn't show the value of delta_neighbour..
    Please use code tags! Your code is practically unreadable without them.
    Did you step through your code with the debugger? What values are you getting for x and y?
    Cheers, D Drmmr

    Please put [code][/code] tags around your code to preserve indentation and make it more readable.

    As long as man ascribes to himself what is merely a posibility, he will not work for the attainment of it. - P. D. Ouspensky

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