WinAPI: How to Get Hard Disk Serial Number?

[ovidiucucu]

Q: How to programmatically get the serial number assigned to a hard disk (or another type of physical drive) by the manufacturer?

A: One solution is to call DeviceIoControl function with IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY control code.

Example

#include <Windows.h>
#include <atlstr.h>

DWORD GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber(UINT nDriveNumber, CString& strSerialNumber)
{
    DWORD dwResult = NO_ERROR;
    strSerialNumber.Empty();

    // Format physical drive path (may be '\\.\PhysicalDrive0', '\\.\PhysicalDrive1' and so on).
    CString strDrivePath;
    strDrivePath.Format(_T("\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive%u"), nDriveNumber);

    // call CreateFile to get a handle to physical drive
    HANDLE hDevice = ::CreateFile(strDrivePath, 0, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);

    if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hDevice)
        return ::GetLastError();

    // set the input STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY data structure
    STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY storagePropertyQuery;
    ZeroMemory(&storagePropertyQuery, sizeof(STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY));
    storagePropertyQuery.PropertyId = StorageDeviceProperty;
    storagePropertyQuery.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;

    // get the necessary output buffer size
    STORAGE_DESCRIPTOR_HEADER storageDescriptorHeader = { 0 };
    DWORD dwBytesReturned = 0;
    if(!::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
        &storagePropertyQuery, sizeof(STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY),
        &storageDescriptorHeader, sizeof(STORAGE_DESCRIPTOR_HEADER),
        &dwBytesReturned, NULL))
    {
        dwResult = ::GetLastError();
        ::CloseHandle(hDevice);
        return dwResult;
    }

    // allocate the necessary memory for the output buffer
    const DWORD dwOutBufferSize = storageDescriptorHeader.Size;
    BYTE* pOutBuffer = new BYTE[dwOutBufferSize];
    ZeroMemory(pOutBuffer, dwOutBufferSize);

    // get the storage device descriptor
    if (!::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
        &storagePropertyQuery, sizeof(STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY),
        pOutBuffer, dwOutBufferSize,
        &dwBytesReturned, NULL))
    {
        dwResult = ::GetLastError();
        delete[]pOutBuffer;
        ::CloseHandle(hDevice);
        return dwResult;
    }

    // Now, the output buffer points to a STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR structure
    // followed by additional info like vendor ID, product ID, serial number, and so on.
    STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR* pDeviceDescriptor = (STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR*)pOutBuffer;
    const DWORD dwSerialNumberOffset = pDeviceDescriptor->SerialNumberOffset;
    if (dwSerialNumberOffset != 0)
    {
        // finally, get the serial number
        strSerialNumber = CString(pOutBuffer + dwSerialNumberOffset);
    }

    // perform cleanup and return
    delete[]pOutBuffer;
    ::CloseHandle(hDevice);
    return dwResult;
}

    // ...
    UINT nDriveNumber = 0;
    CString strSerialNumber;
    DWORD dwResult = GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber(nDriveNumber, strSerialNumber);
    CString strReport;
    if (NO_ERROR == dwResult)
    {
        strReport.Format(_T("Drive #%u serial number: '%s'"), nDriveNumber, strSerialNumber);
    }
    else
    {
        strReport.Format(_T("GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber failed. Error: %u"), dwResult);
    }
    ::MessageBox(NULL, strReport, _T("Test"), MB_OK);

Resources and related articles

• MSDN: DeviceIoControl function
• MSDN: IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY control code
• Codexpert: Get Physical Drive Serial Number – Part 1