simple directx program does not compile - newbie question

[ant-1]

First of all, hi everyone, as this is my first post.

I'm having a problem getting some DirectX code to compile. I'm using latest version of NetBeans, and MinGW. The error is "undefined reference to `Direct3DCreate9@4'", so I assume it's a problem with not linking to the right libraries. However, I have used "#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")", so I'm not sure why that's not working.

I'm sure you get loads of questions like this all the time, I've seen a lot of threads like this on Google (none of them contained an answer which helped me much though). Sorry for being dumb, thanks in advance for any help.

Anyway, here's the code:

// include the basic windows header files and the Direct3D header file
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <d3d9.h>

// include the Direct3D Library file
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")

// global declarations
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d;    // pointer to the Direct3D interface
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;    // pointer to the device class

// function prototypes
void initD3D(HWND hWnd);    // sets up and initializes Direct3D
void render_frame(void);    // renders a single frame
void cleanD3D(void);    // closes Direct3D and releases memory

// the WindowProc function prototype
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);


// the entry point for any Windows program
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;
    WNDCLASSEX wc;

    ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));

    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW;
    wc.lpszClassName = TEXT("WindowClass");

    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
                          TEXT("WindowClass"),
                          TEXT("Our First Direct3D Program"),
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                          300, 300,
                          800, 600,
                          NULL,
                          NULL,
                          hInstance,
                          NULL);

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    // set up and initialize Direct3D
    initD3D(hWnd);

    // enter the main loop:

    MSG msg;

    while(TRUE)
    {
        while(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }

        if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)
            break;

        render_frame();
    }

    // clean up DirectX and COM
    cleanD3D();

    return msg.wParam;
}


// main message handler for the program
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch(message)
    {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            {
                PostQuitMessage(0);
                return 0;
            } break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}


// initialize and prepare Direct3D for use
void initD3D(HWND hWnd)
{
    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);    // create the Direct3D interface

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;    // create a struct to hold various device information

    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));    // clear out the struct for use
    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;    // program windowed, not fullscreen
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;    // discard old frames
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;    // set the window to be used by Direct3D


    // create a device class using this information and the info from the d3dpp struct
    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
                      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
                      hWnd,
                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                      &d3dpp,
                      &d3ddev);
}


// function used to render a single frame
void render_frame(void)
{
    // clear the window to a deep blue
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 40, 100), 1.0f, 0);

    d3ddev->BeginScene();    // begins the 3D scene

    // do 3D rendering on the back buffer here

    d3ddev->EndScene();    // ends the 3D scene

    d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);   // displays the created frame on the screen
}


// function that cleans up Direct3D and COM
void cleanD3D(void)
{
    d3ddev->Release();    // close and release the 3D device
    d3d->Release();    // close and release Direct3D
}

[ant-1]

Right, after looking at google a bit more I think maybe I have to convert the .lib file to MinGW format before I can use it, using reimp - am I right? I'll try that just as soon as the MinGW downloads page at https://sourceforge.net/project/show...?group_id=2435 stops being broken, unless anyone else has a different suggestion. Thanks guys!

[Joeman]

i think it is called libd3d9 in mingw and also...

#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")

this is msvc compiler dependent, so you can't use it when compilling under gcc. it probably gave you a warning that the #pragma statement is being ignoring.

To add dependencies under code::blocks:

From the menu go to Project -> Build Options and go to the tab "Linker Settings". Now select your current profile and click the "Add" button. Now type in libd3d9

[ant-1]

Thanks Joeman!

I've made this work by converting d3d9.lib to libd3d9.a with reimp, and then adding that in the linker settings. First there were some makefile problems, but I got these fixed too. It's tough going from Visual C++ to GCC, haha!

Thank you so much for your help, sorry for asking such a simple question.